Punnett Square 
-A tool that helps to show all possible allelic combination of gametes in a cross of parents with know genotype in  order to predict the probability of their offspring possessing certain sets of alleles.


Mendel and His Experiments

Gregor Johann Mendel
-Father of Modern Genetics.
-discovered the fundamental principles of genetics by breeding garden peas.
-July 20,1822-January 6,1884.
-Presented his paper Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden (Experiments on Plant Hybridization) at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brünn in Moravia in 1865.
-Died of chronic nephritis


Why garden peas?
•Have both stamens and carpal
          -self-or-cross-fertilization
•Short generation time
•Produce many offspring
•Easy to care of
•Many paired characteristics


A test cross,breeding a homozygous recessive with dominant phenotype but unknown genetype can determine the identify of the unknown allele.

Pairs of alleles found on different loci (chromosomes) assort independently of each other.